Requirements to confirm eligibility for gender-affirming surgery This is done through merit-making such as "making donations to a temple or by ordaining as monks". Others, however, believe that kathoeys should rectify their past life transgressions. Using the notion of karma, some Thais believe that being a kathoey is the result of transgressions in past lives, concluding that kathoey deserve pity rather than blame. Some Buddhists view kathoeys as persons born with a disability as a consequence of past sins. Religion īunmi, a Thai Buddhist author, believes that homosexuality stems from "lower level spirits" ( phi-sang-thewada), a factor that is influenced by one's past life. Kathoey can also be seen as a derogatory word for those who are gay. It has a meaning similar to the English language 'fairy' or 'queen'. The term kathoey may be considered pejorative, especially in the form kathoey-saloey. Others may wear make-up and use feminine pronouns, but dress as men, and are closer to the Western category of effeminate gay man than transgender. Many dress as women and undergo "feminising" medical procedures such as breast implants, hormones, silicone injections, or Adam's apple reductions. The term can refer to males who exhibit varying degrees of femininity. Kathoey became an iconic symbol of modern Thai culture. : 146 Australian scholar of sexual politics in Thailand Peter Jackson claims that the term kathoey was used in antiquity to refer to intersex people, and that the connotation changed in the mid-20th century to cover cross-dressing males. The term phu ying praphet song, which can be translated as 'second-type female', is also used to refer to kathoey. Use of the term kathoey suggests that the person self-identifies as a type of male, in contrast to sao praphet song (which, like "trans woman", suggests a "female" ( sao) identity), and in contrast to phet thi sam ('third sex'). Because of this confusion in translation, the English translation of kathoey is usually 'ladyboy' (or variants of the term).
Before the 1960s, the use of kathoey included anyone who deviated from the dominant sexual norms. As well as transgender people, the term can refer to gay men, and was originally used to refer to intersex people. General description Īlthough kathoey is often translated as ' transgender woman' in English, this term is not correct in Thailand. It is most often rendered as ladyboy in English conversation, an expression that has become popular across Southeast Asia. The word kathoey is of Khmer ខ្ទើយ khteuy. Related phrases include phet thi sam ( เพศที่สาม, 'third sex'), and sao praphet song or phu ying praphet song ( สาวประเภทสอง, ผู้หญิงประเภทสอง-both meaning 'second-type female'). Terminology Ī study of 195 Thai transgender women found that most of the participants referred to themselves as phuying ( ผู้หญิง 'women'), with a minority referring to themselves as phuying praphet song ('second kind of woman') and very few referring to themselves as kathoey. The text refers to "malicious" women being punished in the "four hells" and being reincarnated as kathoey. Its usage dates back to a 19th-century interpretation of the Chbab Srey, a Cambodian text written around 1800. The term "kathoey" is used to refer to transgender women or the "third sex". He observed that there were many " catamites", or pubescent boys in pederast relationships, who tried to lure Chinese men with the promise of sumptuous gifts.
This is mentioned in an account by a Chinese observer named Zhou Daguan who visited the Angkor Wat area of Cambodia in 1296–1297. History Īccording to historical accounts, the presence of young Khmer men dressed in women's clothing and seeking sexual exchanges dates back over 700 years. In the face of the many sociopolitical obstacles that kathoeys navigate in Thailand, kathoey activism has led to legal recognition as of January 2015. A significant number of Thai people perceive kathoey as belonging to a separate sex, including some transgender women themselves. Transgender women in Thailand mostly use terms other than kathoey when referring to themselves, such as phuying (Thai: ผู้หญิง, 'woman'). These people are not traditionally transgender, however are seen as a third sex, being one body containing two souls. Kathoey or katoey ( Khmer: ខ្ទើយ khtəəy, Lao: ກະເທີຍ ka thœ̄i, Thai: กะเทย RTGS: kathoei Thai pronunciation: ) is an identity used by some people in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, whose identities in English may be best described as transgender women in some cases, or effeminate gay men in other cases. Nong Tum is perhaps the most internationally recognised kathoey for her portrayal in the film Beautiful Boxer.
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